Fuzzy Boundaries in HIV Stigma

Fluffy Boundaries in HIV Stigma Fluffy Boundaries in the Conceptualization of HIV Stigma: Moving Towards a More Brought together Construct At present, there are 36.7 million individuals living with HIV (PLWH) around the world (WHO, 2017). HIV-related shame keeps on being a significant worry for PLWH in the United States and abroad (Baugher et al., 2017; Bogart et al., 2008; Herek, Capitanio, and Widaman, 2002; X. Li, Wang, Williams, and He, 2009; Odindo and Mwanthi, 2008) with over half of people detailing prejudicial mentalities toward PLWH among nations with information accessible (UNAIDS, 2015). This is especially unsettling given that HIV-related shame has demonstrated to be related with negative results in the physical and emotional well-being of PLWH, more elevated levels of HIV disgrace being corresponded with higher melancholy side effects (L. Li, Lee, Thammawijaya, Jiraphongsa, and Rotheram-Borus, 2009; Onyebuchi-Iwudibia and Brown, 2014; Rao et al., 2012), lower adherence to antiretroviral treatment (Katz et al., 2013), and less access and utilization of social and human services administrations (Chambers et a l., 2015; Rueda et al., 2016). When all is said in done, HIV-related shame has concentrated on the individual experience of disgrace by PLWH and has been conceptualized into three distinct sorts (Earnshaw and Chaudoir, 2009; Nyblade, 2006): the dread of negative perspectives, judgment, and separation from HIV status and serostatus divulgence (saw disgrace), the acknowledgment of negative generalizations related with HIV as a major aspect of oneself or personality (disguised disgrace), and the genuine encounter of segregation by PLWH (sanctioned shame). All the more as of late, a few conceptualizations have featured the significance of considering HIV-related disgrace past the individual setting as shame is a social procedure, an example of considerations, emotions, and practices that impact change and development in the public eye (Deacon, 2006; Link and Phelan, 2001; Mahajan et al., 2008; Parker and Aggleton, 2003). This ongoing movement has driven scientists to propose a few modifications to the HIV disgrace develop. Specifically, they contend that HIV-related shame ought to be recognized from segregation (Deacon, 2006) and that it ought to be estimated at basic and institutional levels (Link and Phelan, 2001; Mahajan et al., 2008; Parker and Aggleton, 2003). Since the conceptualization of HIV-related shame has handy ramifications on how it is considered, estimated, and rewarded, the motivation behind this paper is to survey the legitimacy of the proposed corrections. It will be contended that in spite of there being a solid hypo thetical reason for the two changes to the conceptualization of HIV-related shame, psychometric exploration proposes that established disgrace ought not be expelled from the develop, yet that HIV-related disgrace ought to be estimated across socio-natural levels. Hypothetical Implications of HIV Stigma as a Social Process A lion's share of the shame writing gets from crafted by humanist, Erving Goffman. His unique hypothesis saw disgrace as a social procedure (Goffman, 1963), which has significant suggestions on the conceptualization of HIV-related disgrace, as exploration in this territory has fundamentally centered around the build at an individual level.â  â Disgrace as a Social Process The conceptualization of HIV-related disgrace frequently leaves from the definition proposed by Goffman. Goffman characterized disgrace as â€Å"an trait that is profoundly discrediting† as per society, which decreases the demonized individual from â€Å"a entire and common individual to a spoiled, limited one† (Goffman, 1963). In spite of the fact that Goffman recognized the job of society in derision, analysts limit their meaning of HIV disgrace and refer to segments from Goffman that stress shame as an interior or then again singular level build (Link and Phelan, 2001; Parker and Aggleton, 2003). Outstandingly, they feature how the â€Å"deviant† or â€Å"undesirable difference† of disgrace prompts the supposition of a â€Å"spoilt identity† (Goffman, 1963). This operationalization is huge on the grounds that it infers that the negative estimation of disgrace originates from the person rather than culture. Inalienable inside Goffman’s definition was the understanding that disgrace is a socially developed idea. He qualified that despite the fact that disgrace would allude to â€Å"an attribute† it really was a â€Å"language of relationships† that was required (Goffman, 1963). At the end of the day, Goffman contended that society figures out what is â€Å"discrediting† and accordingly builds up a structure that outlines how the bearers of disgrace are degraded over their social connections. Consequently, comparative to improvement in Bronfenbrenner’s biological system hypothesis (1997), disgrace could be considered more to be a unique social procedure that is continually changing after some time (Parker and Aggleton, 2003). HIV Stigma and Discrimination At the point when HIV disgrace is considered as a social procedure, the fluffy limit between HIV disgrace and segregation becomes more clear. Segregation features the culprits of derision, while disgrace alludes to the objectives of these negative practices (Link and Phelan, 2001; Mahajan et al., 2008; Sayce, 1998). This differentiation is significant as it has more extensive social ramifications in figuring out who is liable for disparagement (Sayce, 1998). By separating HIV-related disgrace from segregation, it concentrates the fault on the social procedures engaged with demonization as opposed to on the person. Elder (2006) moreover contends how including separation inside the develop of HIV-related shame comprises applied swelling. Inside the shame writing, segregation is operationalized as a final product of shame (Jacoby, 1994; Nyblade, 2006) with the end goal that the term â€Å"stigma† gets interchangeable with â€Å"both the trashing convictions themselves and the impacts of†¦stigmatization processes† (Deacon, 2006). This definition limits the comprehension about the special impacts of shame since it gets indistinct regardless of whether segregation intercedes the relationship among disgrace and different wellbeing results. Taking all things together, there is a functional and hypothetical reason for separating HIV disgrace from segregation. HIV Stigma at the Structural Level Since Goffman, analysts have clarified upon the sociological parts of his hypothesis to incorporate the auxiliary conditions that impact shame. Connection and Phelan (2001) depict how slander can possibly happen while â€Å"labeling, generalizing, detachment, status misfortune, and discrimination† occurs inside the setting of an irregularity in power. As such, all people, including those that are trashed, can take part in forms identified with the criticism. Connection and Phelan (2001) examine a model where a person with psychological maladjustment could generalization one of their clinicians as a â€Å"pill-pusher.† While the individual may treat the  clinician distinctively on the premise of this generalization, with no monetary, social, social, and political power, the individual can't sanction unfavorable results against the clinician, also, subsequently the clinician and their recognizing gathering would not be slandered (Link and Phelan, 2001). For PLWH, Parker and Aggleton (2003) further determine that disparagement isn't just dependent upon these social disparities, however that shame additionally serves to fortify and sustain contrasts in basic force and control. Specifically, they contend that shame increments existing force differentials through debasing gatherings and increasing the sentiments of predominance in others. In perceiving that disgrace capacities at basic and institutional levels, Park and Aggleton (2003) accept that shame is a focal segment in  Based on these speculations, it has been recommended that HIV disgrace be estimated at the basic and institutional level (Mahajan et al., 2008). Estimation of HIV Stigma Information and comprehension about HIV shame is predicated on researchers’ capacity to dependably and precisely measure the develop. Thusly, despite the fact that there is hypothesis to help the separation of HIV shame from segregation and the estimation of HIV disgrace at the auxiliary level, a survey of significant psychometric examination is important to approve these modifications to the HIV-related disgrace develop. HIV Stigma Scale The HIV Stigma Scale created by Berger, Ferrans, and Lashley (2001) is the most normally utilized shame measure for PLWH (Sayles et al., 2008). It has an aggregate of 40 things scored on a Likert scale from 1 (firmly deviate) to 4 (emphatically concur) with higher scores demonstrating more significant levels of shame. The inward consistency of the measure has been solid with various populaces, including African Americans (Rao, Pryor, Gaddist, and Mayer, 2008; Wright, Naar-King, Lam, Templin, and Frey, 2007) and PLWH in provincial New Britain (Bunn, Solomon, Miller, and Forehand, 2007). All the more as of late, the HIV Stigma Scale was adjusted for use in South India and shown high dependability and legitimacy (Jeyaseelan et al., 2013).  Psychometric Evidence for Measuring HIV Stigma as a Social Process Build legitimacy for the HIV Stigma Scale is upheld by relationship with related measures (Berger, Ferrans, and Lashley, 2001). As far as estimating HIV disgrace as a social procedure, the absolute HIV shame scores and the subscale scores on the HIV Stigma Scale show moderate negative connections with social help accessibility, social help approval, and abstract social reconciliations, just as moderate positive relationships with social clash. Comparative connections were found between HIV disgrace and social support in a meta-investigation by Rueda et al., (2016), higher HIV shame being related with lower social help across contemplates. By and large, there is by all accounts starter proof that HIV shame should b

Geography of Iraq

Geology of Iraq Capital: Baghdad Iraq is a nation that is situated in western Asia and offers fringes with Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Syria (map). It has a little coastline of only 36 miles (58 km) along the Persian Gulf. Iraqs capital and biggest city is Baghdad and it has a populace of 30,399,572 (July 2011 gauge). Other enormous urban communities in Iraq incorporate Mosul, Basra, Irbil and Kirkuk and the countrys populace thickness is 179.6 individuals per square mile or 69.3 individuals per square kilometer. History of Iraq From 1980 to 1988 Iraq was associated with the Iran-Iraq war which crushed its economy. The war additionally left Iraq as one of the biggest military foundations in the Persian Gulf district (U.S. Division of State). In 1990 Iraq attacked Kuwait however it was constrained out in mid 1991 by a United States-drove U.N. alliance. Following these occasions social flimsiness proceeded as the countrys northern Kurdish individuals and its southern Shia Muslims opposed Saddam Husseins government. Accordingly, the Iraqs government utilized power to smother the insubordination, executed a large number of residents and seriously harmed the earth of the districts in question. Due to the insecurity in Iraq at that point, the U.S. what's more, a few different nations set up no-fly zones over the nation and the U.N. Security Council established a few authorizations against Iraq after its administration would not give up weapons and submit to U.N. assessments (U.S. Branch of State). Flimsiness stayed in the nation all through the remainder of the 1990s and into the 2000s. In March-April 2003 a U.S.- drove alliance attacked Iraq after it was guaranteed the nation neglected to conform to facilitate U.N. assessments. This demonstration started the Iraq War among Iraq and the U.S. Presently the U.S.s intrusion, Iraqs despot Saddam Hussein was toppled and the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) was built up to deal with Iraqs legislative capacities as the nation attempted to set up another administration. In June 2004 the CPA disbanded and the Iraqi Interim Government dominated. In January 2005 the nation held races and the Iraqi Transitional Government (ITG) took power. In May 2005 the ITG designated a board of trustees to draft a constitution and in September 2005 that constitution was finished. In December 2005 another political race was held which set up another multi year protected government that took power in March 2006. In spite of its new government notwithstanding, Iraq was still exceptionally temperamental during this time and viciousness was broad all through the nation. Subsequently, the U.S. expanded its quality in Iraq which caused a reduction in savagery. In January 2009 Iraq and the U.S. concocted plans to expel U.S. troops from the nation and in June 2009 they started leaving Iraqs urban zones. Further evacuation of U.S. troops proceeded into 2010 and 2011. On December 15, 2011 the Iraq War authoritatively finished. Administration of Iraq Financial matters and Land Use in Iraq Topography and Climate of Iraq The atmosphere of Iraq is for the most part desert and as such it has mellow winters and sweltering summers. The countrys rugged areas anyway have freezing winters and mellow summers. Baghdad, the capital and biggest city in Iraq has a January normal low temperature of 39Â ºF (4Â ºC) and a July normal high temperature of 111Â ºF (44Â ºC).

Argumentative Essay Topics - Key Steps in a Good Argumentative Essay Topic

Argumentative Essay Topics - Key Steps in a Good Argumentative Essay TopicThe most important thing in an argumentative essay topics is to be able to analyze the general theme of each essay. Let's see some basic steps that will help you prepare an argumentative essay topic.First of all, you need to understand the main idea or theme of your topic. Have a brainstorming session. Then take the information from this session and convert it into a more useful format for writing. Choose the main topic that you want to study, but make sure that it is not so general that you lose focus of the main points in the essay.Next, you need to make an analysis of the arguments against the main points. This should include the fact that you will always be able to make your point stronger by analyzing the arguments against the arguments. Analyze your own points and those of the other side. Try to find similarities between both sides. But do not forget to highlight your own arguments.Now, write the main ide a in a clearer way and remember to include the same information in your outline. You can also use key points. You can also make use of your favorite speeches that will be sure to convince the readers.And finally, read your article with someone who is unfamiliar with your main idea. The difference between him and you is that he has probably heard or read something about the topic. Therefore, he should know what exactly you are talking about. This way, he will also have an idea of what your main idea is and will also be able to bring additional information to your conclusion.It is recommended that you follow a planned research process in order to decide on the theme. This is the reason why you need to start making your argumentative essay topics by studying the topic at first. However, if you still find the idea insufficient for you, you may still use your own ideas.When you are choosing good argumentative essay topics, remember that the main points of the essay should be as specific as possible. Otherwise, your essay will lack a clear theme and you will have problems when you try to determine the theme in the beginning. So, avoid general subjects.Overall, it is always important to spend some time to plan your essay topics. It is only by doing so that you will be able to concentrate better and you will also have a good chance of having a successful essay. In any case, this will help you to have more confidence and focus and will also lead to the outcome that you are expecting.

Understanding Compound Interest Worksheets and Guides

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Christopher Columbus, Andrew Jackson, And President Van Buren

This war began when the White man crossed the Atlantic Ocean in search of independence. They left Europe and slowly began fighting for a better life which eventually led to their break away from the harsh brutalities of the British government. When, in all reality, their search for independence led to the abolishment of the freedom of the Native Americans. Instead of placing light onto this subject, it is swept under the rug in schools across America today. I believe that the way the American government chose to gain territory was selfish and ignorant and led to the loss of many cultures and precious lives. Some of the ways this happened was by the removal of rights, battles, untruthful treaties, and confiscation of land. In many ways American history books and movies portray Christopher Columbus, Andrew Jackson, and President Van Buren to be American heroes, but these so-called â€Å"heroes† are actually murderers, thieves, and liars. Jackson and Van Buren believed tha t the Indians needed to become civilized and convert to Christianity, yet the actions these two presidents practiced were opposite of what the religion boasts. Obviously, they were the ones who needed to become civilized and remember where they came from and that what they were taking away from the Indians is exactly what they had fought for. Whenever Jackson was elected president, he implemented laws that â€Å"did away with the tribe as a legal unit† and made them â€Å"subject to militia duty and state taxes,†Show MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Gambling1282 Words   |  6 Pagesspent. In 1987, the US Supreme Court decided that Native Americans could operate gambling free from government restriction. There are casinos on Indian reservations in 31 states. Games of chance were a popular pastime of the Native Americans. Christopher Columbus and his crew even brought cards and dice with them on their ships. The early colonists continued the trend of gambling with betting on wrestling matches, target shooting, and dog and rat fights. Another way of gambling called riverboat gamblingRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Native Americans906 Words   |  4 Pageswritten by the winners of the bloody, and merciless battles that shaped our country. The hate that has slaughtered thousands of people, is also the hate that has made our country the beautiful tragedy it is today. We all know the history of how Christopher Columbus came to the native land, named the people here indians because he thought he was in the Indi mountains and brought disease and colonists to the land to make it p art of spain. What is usually left out of our history is just how brutal livingRead MoreThe Tragic Decimation Of Native American Lives1320 Words   |  6 PagesAmericas, slavery, European military superiority, fighting between tribes, and simple lack of unification, the Natives started at a severe disadvantage. While they won some battles, they very clearly lost the war of self-preservation. In 1492 Christopher Columbus sailed west from Spain and six weeks later landed on an island in the Bahamas. One of his first actions was to enslave and remove several of the natives. This was just the beginning. By 1515, he had nearly wiped out the West Indies completelyRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesin Memphis in 1998. c. The Republican Party began back in the 1850s as a U.S. political party. Abraham Lincoln was their first candidate to win the presidency. d. I don’t believe you when you say Martin Luther King Jr. could have been elected president if he hadn’t been assassinated. Try to discipline yourself to read and answer these sample exercises before looking up the correct answer in the footnote below, and before reading on. You do not need to write out the answer. The exercises areRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesEmployability security comes from the chance to accumulate human capital— skills and reputation—that can be invested in new opportunities as they arise.22 Page 16 STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Section One Bruce Ellig, the former Vice President of Human Resources for Pfizer, has provided another view of the concept of employability and the respective obligations of employers and employees: [I]t is hard to argue against a position that says individuals have a responsibility to be the best

Arthur Miller’s Crucible Essay Example For Students

Arthur Miller’s Crucible Essay When we think of the United States we think of equality and justice for all people no matter how far back you go back in our history. Sadly, this hasn’t always been the case, in this land of hope and freedom peoples lives have been taken unjustily to pursue outlandish stories of witchcraft. Native people have been removed from their home land, forced to travel thousands of miles under harsh conditions just so settlers could push on to the gold rich lands. The witchcraft trials epicted in Arthur Miller’s Crucible and the removal of the Cherokee Nation from Northern Georgia to Okalahoma are only a couple events that blacken part of our great nation’s history. Even though the Salem witch trials and the Trail of Tears (Cherokee removal) were separate events in time they were both motivated by intolerance, ignorance, and the tension built by time itself. Although the forced migration of the Cherokee Nation and the Salem witch trials seem to have little in common they share the same effect, gross injustice to their victims. The Crucible howed us how a peaceful society suddenly was turned upside down when people began to speak of witchcraft causing the arrest and deaths of dozens of innocent salemites. As we look back upon the Trail of Tears we saw how greedy settelers wanted to push west in to resource rich Cherokee lands. This broke the peaceful bond that Cherokee people had shared with the frontier people for many years. When the Government forced the Cherokee to relocate it was like the people of Salem although they didn’t always see eye to eye with each other they kept peace. Then suddenly everything exploded and the people of Salem began to acuse each other of withcraft while in Georgia the U. S. Army showed up to kick out the Cheroke people. Intolerance was a key factor in the problems of the Crucibe and the Trail of Tears. Even though the Cherokee Nation was one the few tribes that adapted to the white mans ways through education, farming and government, they still were not seen as equal. When Cherokee and settlers married their children were excepted more so into Cherokee society than in to the American society. Intolerance is shown in the Crucible from the very begining anything that is not explainable through natural cause is not tolerated and considered the devils doing. As the story progress we find any one who has strayed a bit from the puritian path will be marked and arrested for witchcraft because they are seen as different and when are seen different your seen as doing the devils work. Strict intolerance in puritain society and the slight prejudice held against the Cherokee would lead to crimes against humanity.

The Necklace Compared To The Star Essay Example For Students

The Necklace Compared To The Star Essay The Necklace Compared To The Star Essay The story The Star, which was written in 1970s, is trying to say that we need to understand the truth of our fate rather than put on blinders and quit refusing everything else that we dont want to see. In the story The Necklace written by Guy De Maupassant the woman worked herself to the bone for ten years trying to pay off the debt used to pay for the necklace she lost at the ball. The woman in this story is a poor pretty woman who thought she deserved a better life than one that she already had. The main character in this story is a woman named Louis, the daughter of simple working class man. Both stories include a sub theme of a hope for a better life, in which all men were created equal and all the ugly injustices in the world would cease to exist. We will write a custom essay on The Necklace Compared To The Star specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now But the cold hard fact is that we humans have this innate sense of optimism, which blocks our thinking for reality, because without it we would have no reason for living. In the case of the woman in the story The necklace the object being the necklace which she eventually loses and tries to replace. Instead of hiding the truth and facing the music, which was harder, to take than when she lied. The old adage which says, What a tangled web weave when we first start to deceive. We humans cant handle the truth. We think we know what is the truth. What that really is just bullshit. Its arrogance-playing tricks on our minds making us think we are in control of our lives. If we really were in control of our lives then why cant we control every little aspect of it that gives discomfort? Because we cant, because we dont know how, and eventually the truth will show that is we dont what the truth really is. Using the slippery slope logic one can conclude that the two stories are more similar than they are different but because the assignment at hand requires for me to compare and contrast in an illustrative manner then I guess I should start. In the story the Star the setting is on a rocket ship with astronauts and the setting in the necklace is old France in the late 1970s. The Star is a science fiction story while the necklace is an illustrative story. In the necklace the story is told from the third people point of view compared to the Stars point of view is in the first person. The necklace discusses the social classes distinction in detail while in the star is describes the Astrology in detail. The person who wrote the necklace was French was illustrative the author of the star was clearly American. The main focus of the story is based on the importance of having money while the star is about the survival of the fittest. The similarities in both stories include that both deal with theme of hope. One is more graphic in the account of survival as portrayed in the star but the details in how the girl had to work hard in how each detail in her work day was shown through words was illustrative. Both deal with the issue of false pretense that living a certain life would bring true happiness, which in both case should that it didnt. The dismal setting Star is in contrast with the grandeur at which the Necklace is played out. The false hope that we control our own destiny is both misinterpreted by everyone. That is why these two stories, which are about two different subjects, seem to have the same effect on a person, which is depression. .

Posters Of The 1890S Essays - Modern Art, French Art, Edwardian Era

Posters Of The 1890'S Essays - Modern Art, French Art, Edwardian Era Posters Of The 1890'S The 1890's was the beginning of the first poster graphics. Not only have these posters been seen as advertisements but they are also looked upon as works of art. Two excellent examples of different work done during this period are Alphonse Mucha's Lorenzaccio (1898) and Henri Toulouse- Lautrec's Jardin de Paris (1893). Each poster is equally exquisite in it's line, style, color, composition, and perspective. Alphonse Mucha was born in 1860 and traveled to Paris in 1890. He designed posters in the fashionable Byzantine style of ornamentation. In Mucha's Lorenzaccio this can clearly be seen. The poster is a cropped image in the vertical pillar style with elaborate ornamentation through out. There is written word on the top and bottom as typical of many of his works. By the writing around the figure we can see that the poster was intended to be made for Sarah Bernhardt. The poster exhibits intricate, flowing line with sharp outlines. The active, curvilinear line dominates the picture. It's dramatic, decorative design can be seen through the dragon that looks straight into our eyes. There are distinct monochromatic colors of green, brown and red. Lorenzaccio is a heavily detailed, two dimensional poster with no middle ground. The subject is off in thought in the poster. The clothing she is wearing particularly adds to the active line. The background is extremely decorative. Altogether the poster is created with a compartmentalized composition. I would characterize Mucha's work in the Art Nouveau style because of his use of decorative style with simplified forms. His sharp, curvilinear line; full color tones, and Cloisonisme composition add to the stylistic qualities. However, I believe that Henri Toulouse- Lautrec's Jardin de Paris is especially well designed as the use of a poster and work of art. I prefer this poster better because of its different approach to advertising in a clear, eye catching way, and its use of distortion for effect. Much of Lautrec's style comes from Cheret from the English Arts and Crafts movement. The impact of Lautrec's work can also be seen through other artists as Pablo Picasso in his The Blue Room (1901). His subject, which he used many times in his work, is Jane Avril. In this poster we see her as the orchestra member would. Lautrec creates her as a broad silhouette with a face that looks tired and unhappy. Jardin de Paris is unique in that the flowing form of the orchestra member brings us up to the picture where the distinct color is used on the dancer. Lautrec uses bright red and yellow to accentuate her, and uses gray and black for the rest of the composition. He uses simplified forms with distinct, dark outlines. In this work, like Mucha's, there are two dimensional, Cloisonisme qualities created in a vertical pillar form. The asymmetrical objects help to create the foreground/ background qualities. The instrument works as a carrier for our eyes to move back and forth from the foreground and background. The orchestra member also creates an exiting picture frame around Jane Avril. The use of angular lines draw the viewers eye to and fro. This can be seen in the angle of the instrument, the backstage, and particularly how the dancer's is bent. Altogether this is a very bold and striking work. I believe Jardin de Paris to be from the English Arts and Crafts movement because of its emphasis on flat figures, simplified forms and sharp outlines. Both posters exhibit stylistic qualities from both the English Arts and Crafts movement, Art Nouveau and a little Japonisme.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 47

Marketing - Essay Example By doing so, it becomes easier for the company to spread the message and brand image in an effective manner. This type of promotion is called as Above The Line Promotion. Direct marketing is one of the most widely used strategy for promoting brands and product. Apart from Above The Line strategy, Vodafone also operate direct marketing channels in which it delivers its product through direct sales agent, super call centre and tele-calling. Vodafone owns number of stores all over the world through which it sells its product directly to its customers. Stores often propose promotions, special offers and posters pertaining to point of sales in order to attract those customers which are inside the store so that they buy more. All the marketing channels mentioned above for Vodafone are integrated channels of marketing. The reason is for integrated marketing channels, there is a holistic approach to keep harmony among all the channels. In case of Vodafone, the message, brand image and marketing strategies are consistent and therefore they complement each other. Since it opts integrated marketing channel strategy, Vodafone isn’t promoting differently through any of its marketing

Foreign STEM Graduate Students Should Indeed Be Given Green Cards Essay

Foreign STEM Graduate Students Should Indeed Be Given Green Cards - Essay Example According to the article â€Å"Senators introduce immigration reform to increase STEM visas† the writer discusses a bill by a bipartisan group of senators, who want to modernize the STEM visa awarding system and increase the number of students awarded. They argue that legal migration is not only good for developing science and technology but it also creates employment making it good the economic growth in the long run (Cox). To illustrate this, the writer quotes, Rubio and Hatch who estimated that while over 120,000 jobs in computer engineering are created each year, less than 40,000 students graduate in the field in the same period. He argues that while it might seem unpatriotic to hire outsiders for the many jobs, it is the more logical choice since the vacancies are mostly in the private sector, as such; the choice is either America brings in engineers from outside or the firms will be forced to relocate abroad. He also claims that removing the cap on the number of STEM stu dents who can be given visas will encourage American students to apply for the program because they former will facilitate educational improvements. The points made herein are very practical and realistic, ultimately, restricting the entry of STEM students will force private firms to relocate in search of labor since the few in America will be insufficient and likely expensive. Secondly, the article by Rodney Adkin emphasizes the need for America to increase the number of STEM professionals, he decries the fact that only 5 per cent of the workers in America are employed in science and engineering. Ironically this field is responsible for around 50 % of the economy, the sites, Sequoia; a supercomputer developed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, with an extraordinary computing power, and which is the work of STEM professionals. For America to make such progress in a larger scale, it critical that students are motivated to pursue the STEM subjects, this can be done by creating and maintaining enthusiasm for science among school children from an early age. Like the first article, the writer is convinced that America cannot be competitive on the global and even local market without an investment in STEM professionals, their methods of achieving an increase in STEM however differ. Adkins solutions include motivating children and ensuring that women and minority groups are encouraged to get into the programs, these solution albeit workable are long term and do not prove direct solutions in the near future. He does, however, mention that students from countries like China and Japan mostly study the STEM courses; this strengthens the assertion of the first article that we need to make use of foreign students by allowing them to live and work in the states. That way, with more professionals, the children Adkins wants to be inspired will have more mentors, and the foreign nationals will set the pace for Americas wishing to join the field in posterity.  

Report of Media Deception on children’s Education Essay Example for Free

Report of Media Deception on children’s Education Essay With a new technology develops and advances, the debate about their negative impact on society also increases simultaneously. Media has been changed rapidly in last few decades. Today, everyone can see the impact of media in everyone’s life be it home or outside. The role of the media has been changed and because of progress of media the world has become global village. However, the negative side of media, especially its negative influence on children’s education through Television, Internet, and Video games can not be ignored. Discussion According to a study â€Å"American Kids now spend 40% less time with their parents than kids did in the mid-sixties. † They spend more time in watching TV, surfing internet and playing video games. The reason is not just TV and internet. The complexities of life, family size and traditional values, priorities and lifestyle have changed. â€Å"Our kids are living in an entirely different, much more complex media environment than we ever could have imagined at their age. The rule and the risks have changed radically, and many of us have been slow to grasp the difference. † Points out Steyer (2002), the Founder and Chairman of the media production firm JP Kids. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) strongly suggest that kids under two years old should not watch any TV and that those older than two should not watch more than an hour or two and that too quality programs The Initial days of childhood are very crucial for brain development of a child. In that period, a child wants to interact with his parents and play with his toys. A child can learn many things through his interaction with parents and physical activities. Physical activities are very necessary to make a child healthy. Interaction with family members and physical activities are always very important for everyone’s lives at any stage of our life. We can be mentally and physically fit by doing both of the above written activities. Gradually a child gets older, watching TV and using other electronic media will get part of his routine. Too much involvement with any mode of media can be disturbed his normal life and growth. Child would not be able to do his normal routine activities like playing outdoor games with his friends, reading, doing homework etc. even a child will not be interested in spending time with his family members. Research says that those children, who spend more time with TV, get violent and get suspicious about the world and people around. Their confidence level decreased and they imagine that something bad will happen to them. The consequence of involvement of children with media are coming gradually, children of today are more violent as compare to past. Shows and games related to crime are becoming very popular among children. Media violence is very harmful for the growing mind and has negative psychological implications. There is an on going debate on the mass-marketing of such games. Media is selling women as an object, it creates enormous impact on teenagers’ mind and they become sexually violent. Video games with violence and sexually explicit presentations are harmful for the mental growth of the child. According to an article of Kids Health, â€Å"The average American child will witness 200, 000 violent acts on television by age 18. † By seeing violent acts on TV, they get emotionless and gradually they become violent. TV makes children curious about women, sex etc. and internet provides them depth information on the same topic. The provided information makes the situation worst. TV violence, most of the times done by the HEROES, so children take violence as the act of heroism. At the various occasion young kids believed that the TV violence is real and frightened by scary and brutal images. They can not distinguish between real and reel images, as consequence, they can have behaviour problems, nightmare, sleeping disorders, be wetting and other. Older kids can also be affected by horrible programs; parents should not allow for watching those programs. Parental guidance is needed for any violent or mature subject programs. TV is a full of programs and commercials that show risking human behaviour as fun that can include petty crimes to heinous crimes like rape and murder. TV commercial shows children to their ideals (Heroes) are smoking, drinking alcohol on the screen and they try to follow their role models. They can lead to drinking, smoking, drugs or substance abuse after the motivation from screen. Studies have shown that TV programs also motivate children to participate in sexual activities too early. The other drawback of spending time with media is on children is, who watch TV more than four hours more likely to be overweight. Overweight Child becomes public shy and loses their confidence as compare to normal child. Obese child will trap in inferiority complex after that he can not able to do good in academics and the other activities. May be that child will get addicted to take alcohol because of his inferiority complex. The health complexity and risk for obese children are higher. Many psychologists agree on the bad effect of over exposure of media on children, but still there has been an on-going debate whether or not television influences a child’s behavior. Parents have no doubt about the impact of media on their child but they never imagined that how much it can be influence a child until they will not faced the crime done by their child. There is important evidence on link between repeated exposure to media violence and behavioral effect said Dr. Susan Villani (1999). â€Å"A total of 25 Pershing Elementary School students in the before and after school program, participated in this study. They were observed prior, during, and post a Tom Jerry video clip. After observing their behaviors post the video clip, each child was asked two questions based on their everyday television watching habits. It was found that television does influence a child’s behavior. Although, the results indicate that there wasn’t a significant difference between the pre-video and during-video behaviors. Further implications and limitations of these results are to be found in the paper† Mowers (2003) find out. Media can be very helpful for getting new information, instead of blaming media if parents will make some rules and stick on that, media would be helpful for their children’s growth. Steyer (2002) makes a list of top10 tips for parents. According to Steyer (2002) this is responsibility of parents to limit the exposure of kids to the media and particularly to the negative exposure. Negative exposure should be completely controlled. One can help our the process and understanding of media message among their children Steyer’s (2002) top 10 tips for parents are as follow: Establish good media habits early: Parents should choose, which program child will watch and parents should give accompany to the child while he is watching TV. 2. Location, Location, Location: Location of the TV and Computer is very important. Parents should not install TV or computer in child room. In the past time a computer covered huge area and was visible to everyone but with advancement of technology, size of computer has reduced. Parents can not see what their child is surfing on internet. So location of TV and Computer does matter, if parents want to keep eye on their kids. Set a media diet and stick to it: As a parent, you should make a routine for your kids that how much time they would devote for TV, Internet and video games. And parent should be stick on that. Sometime we give liberty to our child but it is not good for long term. 4. Teach your child to ask permission to use media: Parents should teach to their child to ask before they use internet or watch TV programs. This rule will make a difference. 5. Watch and listen with your kids then tell them what you like, dont like, and why: First of all listening to the child is the most important thing for a parent. Listen to the child first; what he wants to say after that parent can instruct him what he wants from his child. Parent should explain to his child that why he has given this instruction. 6. Set clear rules regarding your childs media use in other homes: Parents should make the clear rule on use of media out of home. Try to not to give permission to use the media out of home, if your child is using for some important reasons like combined study, then supervise your child or make a surprise visit at the place. Have pediatricians review your kids media use as part of their annual checkup: Get pediatricians review on your kids’ media use; lets take the action, if pediatricians suggest something serious like vision problem. 8. Teach media literacy in school and at home: Parents should teach their kids about what is happening in around in the world. Parents should not feel shy to educate their children about sex education, because your child will know from the other sources and may be in the negative sense. You can teach your child in a very positive manner. So lets start to talk to your child on every topic, it would boost up your child’s confidence as well as your relationship with him. 9. Read to your child and share positive media experiences. Share the positive media experiences with your child like what you have learnt from internet or TV when you were child. It will divert your child’s mind to learn something positive and creative from the modes of media. 10. Switch the dial to OFF. : When you have spare time, talk to your child instead of watching TV or surfing internet. Conclusion TV and internet are the good things to new thing but over exposure is bad. We can control our TV â€Å"You can easily control habit of TV watching of your child† according to the national PTA, medical experts and child development experts, I to help your family to become â€Å"Media Literate† and also positive media a new â€Å"Children’s digital media culture† is gradually improving on internet. Through some web site children can get important information which would be helpful for their education. Many NGOs are making effort to make media helpful for children ‘Montgomery (2000) concluded in his article. Media has provided us an excellent platform that can support the child development like anything. Children can learn and have fun over the same. This requires proper parental guidance, support and control over the media usage among the children. Reference: â€Å"CIC And PTA partnership†, Control Your TV Its Easy! Retrieved on 14 May 2010 from http://www. controlyourtv. org/#Education. aspx Kids Health, How TV Affects Your Child retrieved on 14 May 2010 from http://kidshealth. org/parent/positive/family/tv_affects_child. html# â€Å"Montgomery K. C†, 2000. , Childrens Media Culture in the New Millennium: Mapping the Digital Landscape. retrieved on 14 May 2010 from http://www. jstor. org/pss/1602693 â€Å"Mowers M. M. †, 2003. , Does Media Influence A Child’s Behavior? Retrieved on 14 May 2010 from http://clearinghouse. missouriwestern. edu/manuscripts/402. php â€Å"Stayer P. J. †, 2002. , The Other Parent: The Inside Story of the Media’s Effects on Our Children. Retrieved on 14 May 2010 from http://www. amazon. com/Other-Parent-Inside-Medias-Children/dp/0743405838#reader_0743405838

Japanese tea room :: essays papers

Japanese tea room Japan is a small country, however most people know this country. One of the reason is that the manufacturing industry is world-famous. Especially, cars and appliances which are small, functional and also economical. And these products show exactly Japanese spirit which can say Japanese culture. When we discuss about Japan, we can't forget considering traditional Japanese culture. I will discus about the tea ceremony (cha-no-yu), which one of the most important Japanese culture. The tea ceremony began to reach maturity in the early Muromachi period when the shogun and select menders of his aesthetic circle met to admire choice Chinese tea wares and game at guessing the provenance of various types of tea. But its transformation into a true art form with spiritual dimensions is due to the influence of three men. The fist was Murata Juko, a student of Zen and curator of Chinese art for shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa. He and Yoshimasa would meet at the latter 's silver Pavilion and drink tea in Chinese utensils in the Dojinsai room of the Togudo. Tea, and especially the collectiing of utensils, was also popular among the wealthy merchants of Sakai City (Osaka). One of these merchants, Takeno Joo, took his interest in tea far beyond acquisition into the influence of Juko 's thought, did much to develop the wabi ideal of refined rusticity that became one of the central elements of tea taste. Wabi tea reached its mature expression under the third of these great tea masters, Sen no Rikyu. There is a story of Rikyu, which well illustrates the ideas of cleanliness entertained by the tea-masters. Rikyu was watching his son Sho-an as he swept and watered the garden path. "Not clean enough," said Rikyu, when Sho-an had finished his task, and bade him try again. After a weary hour the son turned to Rikyu: "Father, there is nothing more to be done. The steps have been washed for the third time, the stone lanterns and the trees are well sprinkled with water, moss and lichens are shining with a fresh verdure; not a twig, not a leaf have I left on the ground." "Young fool," chided the tea master, " that is not the way a garden path should be swept." Saying this, Rikyu stepped into the garden, shook a tree and scattered over the garden gold and crimson leaves, scraps of the brocade of autumn! What Rikyu demanded was not cleanliness alone, but the beautiful and the natural also.

Word of Thanks

Ambitions could not be fulfilled without determination; goals cannot be achieved without sacrifices, and success could not be acquired without rising above Intrigues. Our honored guest and speaker, distinguished visitors, our respected school administrator, Madam Mercy L. Sales, beloved teachers, dear parents, fellow graduates, friends, ladies and gentlemen, good morning. As students, we often complained about our difficulties and adversities. However, you all would agree with me that this difficulties and challenges made us better individuals ready to face whatever disappointments in the future.Thus, we are all here today, standing before everyone else, able to proclaim to the world that we have survived the battles we have fought for all the years we have stayed in this institution. But we would never be here today, without the help and support of the people who In one way or another are part of what we are now. This Is the right moment and occasion we can express our gratitude and give them honor. First of all, we are very much grateful to ours Almighty God, the ultimate source of our strength and courage to face life.Everything we are now and everything we will be, we offer to the honor and glory of God. Our heartfelt gratitude goes to our dearly beloved parents, who consoled us, sweated for us and guided us like a kite gliding higher into the skies. Especially, I would like to acknowledge my parents, Mr.. Remnant Mobil and Ms. Angelina Appellation whose efforts and sacrifices have nourished me colorful and beautifully. Ma, Pa, even though we don't live under the same roof, I know and I believe that you've done your part to me as my guardians.Maybe not perfectly but In a way everyone would be proud of. For me, you're the best parents in the world. To my beloved Lass, loss, uncles, mommies and daddies, thank you for the time and efforts you've given In order to help me fulfill my ambitions In life. You are all so special to me. Our sincerest thanks also go t o our wonderful teachers, who patiently taught us not only the concepts of different subjects but most especially the values of life. Teachers, thank you for helping us discover what we are able to become. Truly, you've done great help in bringing out the best in us.And of course, our profound gratitude and appreciation to our respected school principal, Madam Mercy L. Sales, for making Mulligan National High School our friendly and conducive second home. Our triumphs would not be completed without the guidance and support of our beloved Alma Matter, Mulligan National High School who nourished, built and armored us to become worthy individuals dressed In Impregnable armor of knowledge to face the more complicated, spiritual, social and political confrontations of the future. My fellow graduates, graduation carries with it the marks of success in our s not everything.We must remember that this day is not the end our struggles. Rather, it is the beginning of a serious and responsible life ahead. As we separate our ways to another chapter of our lives, let us always be reminded that we should have deep and abiding commitment to participate and dedicate ourselves to the task of building a community equals under an environment of shared community. We bring change where it is needed, expertise where it is missing and leadership where it is wanting. As Mulligan Nationalists, this is our commitment. Thank you and again, good morning.

The Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison - 944 Words

Unlike so many pieces of American literature that involve and examine the history of slavery and the years of intensely-entrenched racism that ensued, the overall plot of the novel, The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, does not necessarily involve slavery directly, but rather examines the aftermath by delving into African-American self-hatred. Nearly all of the main characters in The Bluest Eye who are African American are dominated with the endless culturally-imposed concepts of white beauty and cleanness to an extent where the characters have a destructive way of latently acting out their own feelings of self-hatred on others, especially other African-Americans. Toni Morrison’s novel focuses more on the complex and ultimately profound depiction of the effects of racism by emphasizing how self-loathing destroys the African-American characters, instead of making the storyline about specific events that center around racism and the grave history of slavery alone. One example from the novel is how the narrator describes the Breedlove family as ugly, â€Å"You looked at them and wondered why they were so ugly; you looked closely and could not find the source. Then you realized that it came from conviction, their conviction. It was as though some mysterious and all-knowing master had given each one of them a cloak of ugliness to wear and they had each accepted it without question† (Morrison 39). This excerpt from the novel explains how this family has been put down for so manyShow MoreRelatedThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1720 Words   |  7 Pagesof The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison, criticizes the danger of race discrimination for any kinds of situations with no exception. The purpose of the paper is explain how pervasive and destructive social racism was bound to happen in American society. The intended audiences are not only black people, but also other races had suffered racism until now. I could find out and concentrate on the most notable symbols which are whiteness, blue eyes and the characterization while reading the novel. Toni MorrisonRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1587 Words   |  7 Pagessaid, â€Å"We were born to die and we die to live.† Toni Morrison correlates to Nelson’s quote in her Nobel Lecture of 1993, â€Å"We die. That may be the meaning of life. But we do language. That may be the measure of our lives.† In Toni Morrison’s novel, The Bluest Eye, she uses language to examine the concepts of racism, lack of self-identity, gender roles, and socioeconomic hardships as they factor into a misinterpretation of the American Dream. Morrison illustrates problems that these issues provoke throughRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison956 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Slavery Influenced the Characters of The Bluest Eye Unlike so many pieces of American literature that involve and examine the history of slavery and the years of intensely-entrenched racism that ensued, the overall plot of the novel, The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, does not necessarily involve slavery directly, but rather examines the aftermath by delving into African-American self-hatred. Nearly all of the main characters in The Bluest Eye who are African American are dominated by the endlessRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1189 Words   |  5 PagesA standard of beauty is established by the society in which a person lives and then supported by its members in the community. In the novel The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, we are given an extensive understanding of how whiteness is the standard of beauty through messages throughout the novel that whiteness is superior. Morrison emphasizes how this ideality distorts the minds and lives of African-American women and children. He emphasizes that in order for African-American wom en to survive in aRead MoreThe Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison1095 Words   |  5 PagesSocial class is a major theme in the book The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison. Toni Morrison is saying that there are dysfunctional families in every social class, though people only think of it in the lower class. Toni Morrison was also stating that people also use social class to separate themselves from others and apart from race; social class is one thing Pauline and Geraldine admire.Claudia, Pecola, and Frieda are affected by not only their own social status, but others social status too - for exampleRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison2069 Words   |  9 Pagesblack/whiteness. Specifically, white people were positioned at the upper part of the hierarchy, whereas, African Americans were inferior. Consequently, white people were able to control and dictate to the standards of beauty. In her novel, ‘The Bluest Eye’, Toni Morrison draws upon symbolism, narrative voice, setting and id eals of the time to expose the effects these standards had on the different characters. With the juxtaposition of Claudia MacTeer and Pecola Breedlove, who naively conforms to the barrierRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1103 Words   |  5 Pages Toni Morrison is known for her prized works exploring themes and issues that are rampant in African American communities. Viewing Toni Morrison’s novel The Bluest Eye from a psychoanalytical lens sheds light onto how, as members of a marginalized group, character’s low self-esteem reflect into their actions, desires, and defense mechanisms. In her analysis of psychoanalytical criticism, Lois Tyson focuses on psychological defense mechanisms such as selective perception, selective memory, denialRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, encompasses the themes of youth, gender, and race. The African American Civil Rights Movement had recently ended at the time the novel was written. In the book, Morrison utilizes a first-person story to convey her views on racial inequality. The protagonist and her friends find themselves in moments where they are filled with embarrassment and have a wish to flee such events. Since they are female African Americans, they are humiliated in society. One of Morrison’sRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1462 Words   |  6 PagesBildungsroman literature in the 20th century embodies the virtues of different authors’ contexts and cultures, influencing the fictional stories of children’s lives around the wo rld.. The Bluest Eye is a 1970 publication by Toni Morrison set in 1940s Ohio in America, focal around the consequence of racism in an American community on the growth of a child, distinct in its use of a range of narrative perspectives. Annie John by Jamaica Kincaid is a novel set in post colonial Antigua, published in 1985Read MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison992 Words   |  4 PagesSet in the 1940s, during the Great Depression, the novel The Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, illustrates in the inner struggles of African-American criticism. The Breedloves, the family the story revolves around a poor, black and ugly family. They live in a two-room store front, which is open, showing that they have nothing. In the family there is a girl named Pecola Breedlove, she is a black and thinks that she is ugly because she is not white. Pecola’s father, Cholly Breedlove, goes through humiliated